/*
 * @(#)PipedInputStream.java	1.43 06/06/19
 *
 * Copyright 2006 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
 * SUN PROPRIETARY/CONFIDENTIAL. Use is subject to license terms.
 */

package java.io;

/**
 * A piped input stream should be connected
 * to a piped output stream; the piped  input
 * stream then provides whatever data bytes
 * are written to the piped output  stream.
 * Typically, data is read from a <code>PipedInputStream</code>
 * object by one thread  and data is written
 * to the corresponding <code>PipedOutputStream</code>
 * by some  other thread. Attempting to use
 * both objects from a single thread is not
 * recommended, as it may deadlock the thread.
 * The piped input stream contains a buffer,
 * decoupling read operations from write operations,
 * within limits.
 * A pipe is said to be <a name=BROKEN> <i>broken</i> </a> if a
 * thread that was providing data bytes to the connected
 * piped output stream is no longer alive.
 *
 * @author  James Gosling
 * @version 1.40, 12/01/05
 * @see     java.io.PipedOutputStream
 * @since   JDK1.0
 */
public class PipedInputStream extends InputStream {
    boolean closedByWriter = false;
    volatile boolean closedByReader = false;
    boolean connected = false;

	/* REMIND: identification of the read and write sides needs to be
	   more sophisticated.  Either using thread groups (but what about
	   pipes within a thread?) or using finalization (but it may be a
	   long time until the next GC). */
    Thread readSide;
    Thread writeSide;

    private static final int DEFAULT_PIPE_SIZE = 1024;

    /**
     * The default size of the pipe's circular input buffer.
     * @since   JDK1.1
     */
    // This used to be a constant before the pipe size was allowed
    // to change. This field will continue to be maintained
    // for backward compatibility. 
    protected static final int PIPE_SIZE = DEFAULT_PIPE_SIZE;

    /**
     * The circular buffer into which incoming data is placed.
     * @since   JDK1.1
     */
    protected byte buffer[];

    /**
     * The index of the position in the circular buffer at which the
     * next byte of data will be stored when received from the connected
     * piped output stream. <code>in&lt;0</code> implies the buffer is empty,
     * <code>in==out</code> implies the buffer is full
     * @since   JDK1.1
     */
    protected int in = -1;

    /**
     * The index of the position in the circular buffer at which the next
     * byte of data will be read by this piped input stream.
     * @since   JDK1.1
     */
    protected int out = 0;

    /**
     * Creates a <code>PipedInputStream</code> so
     * that it is connected to the piped output
     * stream <code>src</code>. Data bytes written
     * to <code>src</code> will then be  available
     * as input from this stream.
     *
     * @param      src   the stream to connect to.
     * @exception  IOException  if an I/O error occurs.
     */
    public PipedInputStream(PipedOutputStream src) throws IOException {
        this(src, DEFAULT_PIPE_SIZE);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a <code>PipedInputStream</code> so that it is
     * connected to the piped output stream
     * <code>src</code> and uses the specified pipe size for
     * the pipe's buffer.
     * Data bytes written to <code>src</code> will then
     * be available as input from this stream.
     *
     * @param      src   the stream to connect to.
     * @param      pipeSize the size of the pipe's buffer.
     * @exception  IOException  if an I/O error occurs.
     * @exception  IllegalArgumentException if <code>pipeSize <= 0</code>.
     * @since	   1.6
     */
    public PipedInputStream(PipedOutputStream src, int pipeSize)
            throws IOException {
	 initPipe(pipeSize);
	 connect(src);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a <code>PipedInputStream</code> so
     * that it is not yet {@linkplain #connect(java.io.PipedOutputStream)
     * connected}.
     * It must be {@linkplain java.io.PipedOutputStream#connect(
     * java.io.PipedInputStream) connected} to a
     * <code>PipedOutputStream</code> before being used.
     */
    public PipedInputStream() {
	initPipe(DEFAULT_PIPE_SIZE);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a <code>PipedInputStream</code> so that it is not yet
     * {@linkplain #connect(java.io.PipedOutputStream) connected} and
     * uses the specified pipe size for the pipe's buffer.
     * It must be {@linkplain java.io.PipedOutputStream#connect(
     * java.io.PipedInputStream)
     * connected} to a <code>PipedOutputStream</code> before being used.
     *
     * @param      pipeSize the size of the pipe's buffer.
     * @exception  IllegalArgumentException if <code>pipeSize <= 0</code>.
     * @since	   1.6
     */
    public PipedInputStream(int pipeSize) {
	initPipe(pipeSize);
    }

    private void initPipe(int pipeSize) {
         if (pipeSize <= 0) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Pipe Size <= 0");
         }
         buffer = new byte[pipeSize];
    }

    /**
     * Causes this piped input stream to be connected
     * to the piped  output stream <code>src</code>.
     * If this object is already connected to some
     * other piped output  stream, an <code>IOException</code>
     * is thrown.
     * <p>
     * If <code>src</code> is an
     * unconnected piped output stream and <code>snk</code>
     * is an unconnected piped input stream, they
     * may be connected by either the call:
     * <p>
     * <pre><code>snk.connect(src)</code> </pre>
     * <p>
     * or the call:
     * <p>
     * <pre><code>src.connect(snk)</code> </pre>
     * <p>
     * The two
     * calls have the same effect.
     *
     * @param      src   The piped output stream to connect to.
     * @exception  IOException  if an I/O error occurs.
     */
    public void connect(PipedOutputStream src) throws IOException {
	src.connect(this);
    }

    /**
     * Receives a byte of data.  This method will block if no input is
     * available.
     * @param b the byte being received
     * @exception IOException If the pipe is <a href=#BROKEN> <code>broken</code></a>,
     *		{@link #connect(java.io.PipedOutputStream) unconnected},
     *		closed, or if an I/O error occurs.
     * @since     JDK1.1
     */
    protected synchronized void receive(int b) throws IOException {
        checkStateForReceive();
        writeSide = Thread.currentThread();
        if (in == out)
            awaitSpace();
	if (in < 0) {
	    in = 0;
	    out = 0;
	}
	buffer[in++] = (byte)(b & 0xFF);
	if (in >= buffer.length) {
	    in = 0;
	}
    }

    /**
     * Receives data into an array of bytes.  This method will
     * block until some input is available.
     * @param b the buffer into which the data is received
     * @param off the start offset of the data
     * @param len the maximum number of bytes received
     * @exception IOException If the pipe is <a href=#BROKEN> broken</a>,
     * 		 {@link #connect(java.io.PipedOutputStream) unconnected},
     *		 closed,or if an I/O error occurs.
     */
    synchronized void receive(byte b[], int off, int len)  throws IOException {
        checkStateForReceive();
        writeSide = Thread.currentThread();
        int bytesToTransfer = len;
        while (bytesToTransfer > 0) {
            if (in == out)
                awaitSpace();
            int nextTransferAmount = 0;
            if (out < in) {
                nextTransferAmount = buffer.length - in;
            } else if (in < out) {
                if (in == -1) {
                    in = out = 0;
                    nextTransferAmount = buffer.length - in;
                } else {
                    nextTransferAmount = out - in;
                }
            }
            if (nextTransferAmount > bytesToTransfer)
                nextTransferAmount = bytesToTransfer;
            assert(nextTransferAmount > 0);
            System.arraycopy(b, off, buffer, in, nextTransferAmount);
            bytesToTransfer -= nextTransferAmount;
            off += nextTransferAmount;
            in += nextTransferAmount;
            if (in >= buffer.length) {
                in = 0;
            }
        }
    }

    private void checkStateForReceive() throws IOException {
        if (!connected) {
            throw new IOException("Pipe not connected");
        } else if (closedByWriter || closedByReader) {
	    throw new IOException("Pipe closed");
	} else if (readSide != null && !readSide.isAlive()) {
            throw new IOException("Read end dead");
        }
    }

    private void awaitSpace() throws IOException {
	while (in == out) {
	    checkStateForReceive();

	    /* full: kick any waiting readers */
	    notifyAll();
	    try {
	        wait(1000);
	    } catch (InterruptedException ex) {
		throw new java.io.InterruptedIOException();
	    }
	}
    }

    /**
     * Notifies all waiting threads that the last byte of data has been
     * received.
     */
    synchronized void receivedLast() {
	closedByWriter = true;
	notifyAll();
    }

    /**
     * Reads the next byte of data from this piped input stream. The
     * value byte is returned as an <code>int</code> in the range
     * <code>0</code> to <code>255</code>. 
     * This method blocks until input data is available, the end of the
     * stream is detected, or an exception is thrown.
     *
     * @return     the next byte of data, or <code>-1</code> if the end of the
     *             stream is reached.
     * @exception  IOException  if the pipe is
     *		 {@link #connect(java.io.PipedOutputStream) unconnected},
     *		 <a href=#BROKEN> <code>broken</code></a>, closed,
     *		 or if an I/O error occurs.
     */
    public synchronized int read()  throws IOException {
        if (!connected) {
            throw new IOException("Pipe not connected");
        } else if (closedByReader) {
	    throw new IOException("Pipe closed");
	} else if (writeSide != null && !writeSide.isAlive()
                   && !closedByWriter && (in < 0)) {
            throw new IOException("Write end dead");
	}

        readSide = Thread.currentThread();
	int trials = 2;
	while (in < 0) {
	    if (closedByWriter) {
		/* closed by writer, return EOF */
		return -1;
	    }
	    if ((writeSide != null) && (!writeSide.isAlive()) && (--trials < 0)) {
		throw new IOException("Pipe broken");
	    }
            /* might be a writer waiting */
	    notifyAll();
	    try {
	        wait(1000);
	    } catch (InterruptedException ex) {
		throw new java.io.InterruptedIOException();
	    }
 	}
	int ret = buffer[out++] & 0xFF;
	if (out >= buffer.length) {
	    out = 0;
	}
	if (in == out) {
            /* now empty */
	    in = -1;
	}

	return ret;
    }

    /**
     * Reads up to <code>len</code> bytes of data from this piped input
     * stream into an array of bytes. Less than <code>len</code> bytes
     * will be read if the end of the data stream is reached or if 
     * <code>len</code> exceeds the pipe's buffer size.
     * If <code>len </code> is zero, then no bytes are read and 0 is returned; 
     * otherwise, the method blocks until at least 1 byte of input is 
     * available, end of the stream has been detected, or an exception is
     * thrown.
     *
     * @param      b     the buffer into which the data is read.
     * @param      off   the start offset in the destination array <code>b</code>
     * @param      len   the maximum number of bytes read.
     * @return     the total number of bytes read into the buffer, or
     *             <code>-1</code> if there is no more data because the end of
     *             the stream has been reached.
     * @exception  NullPointerException If <code>b</code> is <code>null</code>.
     * @exception  IndexOutOfBoundsException If <code>off</code> is negative, 
     * <code>len</code> is negative, or <code>len</code> is greater than 
     * <code>b.length - off</code>
     * @exception  IOException if the pipe is <a href=#BROKEN> <code>broken</code></a>,
     *		 {@link #connect(java.io.PipedOutputStream) unconnected},
     *		 closed, or if an I/O error occurs.
     */
    public synchronized int read(byte b[], int off, int len)  throws IOException {
	if (b == null) {
	    throw new NullPointerException();
	} else if (off < 0 || len < 0 || len > b.length - off) {
	    throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
	} else if (len == 0) {
	    return 0;
	}

        /* possibly wait on the first character */
	int c = read();
	if (c < 0) {
	    return -1;
	}
	b[off] = (byte) c;
	int rlen = 1;
	while ((in >= 0) && (len > 1)) {
	    
	    int available; 
	
	    if (in > out) {
		available = Math.min((buffer.length - out), (in - out));
	    } else {
		available = buffer.length - out;
	    }

	    // A byte is read beforehand outside the loop
	    if (available > (len - 1)) {
		available = len - 1;
	    }
	    System.arraycopy(buffer, out, b, off + rlen, available);
	    out += available;
	    rlen += available; 
	    len -= available;
	    
	    if (out >= buffer.length) {
		out = 0;
	    }
	    if (in == out) {
                /* now empty */
		in = -1;
	    }
	}
	return rlen;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the number of bytes that can be read from this input
     * stream without blocking.
     *
     * @return the number of bytes that can be read from this input stream
     *         without blocking, or {@code 0} if this input stream has been
     *         closed by invoking its {@link #close()} method, or if the pipe
     *	       is {@link #connect(java.io.PipedOutputStream) unconnected}, or
     *		<a href=#BROKEN> <code>broken</code></a>.
     *
     * @exception  IOException  if an I/O error occurs.
     * @since   JDK1.0.2
     */
    public synchronized int available() throws IOException {
	if(in < 0)
	    return 0;
	else if(in == out)
	    return buffer.length;
	else if (in > out)
	    return in - out;
	else
	    return in + buffer.length - out;
    }

    /**
     * Closes this piped input stream and releases any system resources
     * associated with the stream.
     *
     * @exception  IOException  if an I/O error occurs.
     */
    public void close()  throws IOException {
	closedByReader = true;
        synchronized (this) {
            in = -1;
        }
    }
}