/*
 * @(#)Connection.java	1.52 06/09/28
 *
 * Copyright 2006 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
 * SUN PROPRIETARY/CONFIDENTIAL. Use is subject to license terms.
 */

package java.sql;

import java.util.Properties;

/**
 * <P>A connection (session) with a specific
 * database. SQL statements are executed and results are returned
 * within the context of a connection.
 * <P>
 * A <code>Connection</code> object's database is able to provide information
 * describing its tables, its supported SQL grammar, its stored
 * procedures, the capabilities of this connection, and so on. This
 * information is obtained with the <code>getMetaData</code> method.
 *
 * <P><B>Note:</B> When configuring a <code>Connection</code>, JDBC applications
 *  should use the appropritate <code>Connection</code> method such as 
 *  <code>setAutoCommit</code> or <code>setTransactionIsolation</code>.  
 *  Applications should not invoke SQL commands directly to change the connection's
 *   configuration when there is a JDBC method available.  By default a <code>Connection</code> object is in
 * auto-commit mode, which means that it automatically commits changes 
 * after executing each statement. If auto-commit mode has been
 * disabled, the method <code>commit</code> must be called explicitly in
 * order to commit changes; otherwise, database changes will not be saved.
 * <P>
 * A new <code>Connection</code> object created using the JDBC 2.1 core API
 * has an initially empty type map associated with it. A user may enter a
 * custom mapping for a UDT in this type map.
 * When a UDT is retrieved from a data source with the
 * method <code>ResultSet.getObject</code>, the <code>getObject</code> method
 * will check the connection's type map to see if there is an entry for that
 * UDT.  If so, the <code>getObject</code> method will map the UDT to the
 * class indicated.  If there is no entry, the UDT will be mapped using the
 * standard mapping.
 * <p>
 * A user may create a new type map, which is a <code>java.util.Map</code>
 * object, make an entry in it, and pass it to the <code>java.sql</code>
 * methods that can perform custom mapping.  In this case, the method
 * will use the given type map instead of the one associated with
 * the connection.
 * <p>
 * For example, the following code fragment specifies that the SQL
 * type <code>ATHLETES</code> will be mapped to the class
 * <code>Athletes</code> in the Java programming language.
 * The code fragment retrieves the type map for the <code>Connection
 * </code> object <code>con</code>, inserts the entry into it, and then sets
 * the type map with the new entry as the connection's type map.
 * <pre>
 *      java.util.Map map = con.getTypeMap();
 *      map.put("mySchemaName.ATHLETES", Class.forName("Athletes"));
 *      con.setTypeMap(map);
 * </pre>
 *
 * @see DriverManager#getConnection
 * @see Statement 
 * @see ResultSet
 * @see DatabaseMetaData
 */
public interface Connection extends Wrapper {

    /**
     * Creates a <code>Statement</code> object for sending
     * SQL statements to the database.
     * SQL statements without parameters are normally
     * executed using <code>Statement</code> objects. If the same SQL statement 
     * is executed many times, it may be more efficient to use a 
     * <code>PreparedStatement</code> object.
     * <P>
     * Result sets created using the returned <code>Statement</code>
     * object will by default be type <code>TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY</code>
     * and have a concurrency level of <code>CONCUR_READ_ONLY</code>. 
     * The holdability of the created result sets can be determined by 
     * calling {@link #getHoldability}.
     *
     * @return a new default <code>Statement</code> object 
     * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs 
     * or this method is called on a closed connection
     */
    Statement createStatement() throws SQLException;

    /**
     * Creates a <code>PreparedStatement</code> object for sending
     * parameterized SQL statements to the database.
     * <P>
     * A SQL statement with or without IN parameters can be
     * pre-compiled and stored in a <code>PreparedStatement</code> object. This
     * object can then be used to efficiently execute this statement
     * multiple times.
     *
     * <P><B>Note:</B> This method is optimized for handling
     * parametric SQL statements that benefit from precompilation. If
     * the driver supports precompilation,
     * the method <code>prepareStatement</code> will send
     * the statement to the database for precompilation. Some drivers
     * may not support precompilation. In this case, the statement may
     * not be sent to the database until the <code>PreparedStatement</code> 
     * object is executed.  This has no direct effect on users; however, it does
     * affect which methods throw certain <code>SQLException</code> objects.
     * <P>
     * Result sets created using the returned <code>PreparedStatement</code>
     * object will by default be type <code>TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY</code>
     * and have a concurrency level of <code>CONCUR_READ_ONLY</code>. 
     * The holdability of the created result sets can be determined by 
     * calling {@link #getHoldability}.
     *
     * @param sql an SQL statement that may contain one or more '?' IN
     * parameter placeholders
     * @return a new default <code>PreparedStatement</code> object containing the
     * pre-compiled SQL statement 
     * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs 
     * or this method is called on a closed connection
     */
    PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql)
	throws SQLException;

    /**
     * Creates a <code>CallableStatement</code> object for calling
     * database stored procedures.
     * The <code>CallableStatement</code> object provides
     * methods for setting up its IN and OUT parameters, and
     * methods for executing the call to a stored procedure.
     *
     * <P><B>Note:</B> This method is optimized for handling stored
     * procedure call statements. Some drivers may send the call
     * statement to the database when the method <code>prepareCall</code>
     * is done; others
     * may wait until the <code>CallableStatement</code> object
     * is executed. This has no
     * direct effect on users; however, it does affect which method
     * throws certain SQLExceptions.
     * <P>
     * Result sets created using the returned <code>CallableStatement</code>
     * object will by default be type <code>TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY</code>
     * and have a concurrency level of <code>CONCUR_READ_ONLY</code>. 
     * The holdability of the created result sets can be determined by 
     * calling {@link #getHoldability}.
     *
     * @param sql an SQL statement that may contain one or more '?'
     * parameter placeholders. Typically this statement is specified using JDBC
     * call escape syntax.
     * @return a new default <code>CallableStatement</code> object containing the
     * pre-compiled SQL statement 
     * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs 
     * or this method is called on a closed connection
     */
    CallableStatement prepareCall(String sql) throws SQLException;
						
    /**
     * Converts the given SQL statement into the system's native SQL grammar.
     * A driver may convert the JDBC SQL grammar into its system's
     * native SQL grammar prior to sending it. This method returns the
     * native form of the statement that the driver would have sent.
     *
     * @param sql an SQL statement that may contain one or more '?'
     * parameter placeholders
     * @return the native form of this statement
     * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs 
     * or this method is called on a closed connection
     */
    String nativeSQL(String sql) throws SQLException;

    /**
     * Sets this connection's auto-commit mode to the given state.
     * If a connection is in auto-commit mode, then all its SQL
     * statements will be executed and committed as individual
     * transactions.  Otherwise, its SQL statements are grouped into
     * transactions that are terminated by a call to either
     * the method <code>commit</code> or the method <code>rollback</code>.
     * By default, new connections are in auto-commit
     * mode.
     * <P>
     * The commit occurs when the statement completes. The time when the statement 
     * completes depends on the type of SQL Statement:
     * <ul>
     * <li>For DML statements, such as Insert, Update or Delete, and DDL statements, 
     * the statement is complete as soon as it has finished executing.
     * <li>For Select statements, the statement is complete when the associated result 
     * set is closed.
     * <li>For <code>CallableStatement</code> objects or for statements that return 
     * multiple results, the statement is complete 
     * when all of the associated result sets have been closed, and all update 
     * counts and output parameters have been retrieved.
     *</ul>
     * <P>
     * <B>NOTE:</B>  If this method is called during a transaction and the 
     * auto-commit mode is changed, the transaction is committed.  If
     * <code>setAutoCommit</code> is called and the auto-commit mode is 
     * not changed, the call is a no-op.
     *
     * @param autoCommit <code>true</code> to enable auto-commit mode; 
     *         <code>false</code> to disable it
     * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs,
     *  setAutoCommit(true) is called while participating in a distributed transaction, 
     * or this method is called on a closed connection
     * @see #getAutoCommit
     */
    void setAutoCommit(boolean autoCommit) throws SQLException;

    /**
     * Retrieves the current auto-commit mode for this <code>Connection</code>
     * object.
     *
     * @return the current state of this <code>Connection</code> object's 
     *         auto-commit mode
     * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs 
     * or this method is called on a closed connection
     * @see #setAutoCommit 
     */
    boolean getAutoCommit() throws SQLException;

    /**
     * Makes all changes made since the previous
     * commit/rollback permanent and releases any database locks
     * currently held by this <code>Connection</code> object. 
     * This method should be
     * used only when auto-commit mode has been disabled.
     *
     * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs, 
     * this method is called while participating in a distributed transaction,
     * if this method is called on a closed conection or this
     *            <code>Connection</code> object is in auto-commit mode
     * @see #setAutoCommit 
     */
    void commit() throws SQLException;

    /**
     * Undoes all changes made in the current transaction
     * and releases any database locks currently held
     * by this <code>Connection</code> object. This method should be 
     * used only when auto-commit mode has been disabled.
     *
     * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs, 
     * this method is called while participating in a distributed transaction,
     * this method is called on a closed connection or this
     *            <code>Connection</code> object is in auto-commit mode
     * @see #setAutoCommit 
     */
    void rollback() throws SQLException;

    /**
     * Releases this <code>Connection</code> object's database and JDBC resources
     * immediately instead of waiting for them to be automatically released.
     * <P>
     * Calling the method <code>close</code> on a <code>Connection</code>
     * object that is already closed is a no-op.
     * <P>
     * It is <b>strongly recommended</b> that an application explicitly 
     * commits or rolls back an active transaction prior to calling the 
     * <code>close</code> method.  If the <code>close</code> method is called
     * and there is an active transaction, the results are implementation-defined.
     * <P>
     * 
     * @exception SQLException SQLException if a database access error occurs 
     */
    void close() throws SQLException;

    /**
     * Retrieves whether this <code>Connection</code> object has been
     * closed.  A connection is closed if the method <code>close</code>
     * has been called on it or if certain fatal errors have occurred.
     * This method is guaranteed to return <code>true</code> only when
     * it is called after the method <code>Connection.close</code> has
     * been called.
     * <P>
     * This method generally cannot be called to determine whether a
     * connection to a database is valid or invalid.  A typical client
     * can determine that a connection is invalid by catching any
     * exceptions that might be thrown when an operation is attempted.
     *
     * @return <code>true</code> if this <code>Connection</code> object 
     *         is closed; <code>false</code> if it is still open
     * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs
     */
    boolean isClosed() throws SQLException;

    //======================================================================
    // Advanced features:

    /**
     * Retrieves a <code>DatabaseMetaData</code> object that contains
     * metadata about the database to which this
     * <code>Connection</code> object represents a connection.
     * The metadata includes information about the database's
     * tables, its supported SQL grammar, its stored
     * procedures, the capabilities of this connection, and so on.
     *
     * @return a <code>DatabaseMetaData</code> object for this 
     *         <code>Connection</code> object
     * @exception  SQLException if a database access error occurs 
     * or this method is called on a closed connection
     */
    DatabaseMetaData getMetaData() throws SQLException;

    /**
     * Puts this connection in read-only mode as a hint to the driver to enable 
     * database optimizations.
     *
     * <P><B>Note:</B> This method cannot be called during a transaction.
     *
     * @param readOnly <code>true</code> enables read-only mode; 
     *        <code>false</code> disables it
     * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs, this
     *  method is called on a closed connection or this
     *            method is called during a transaction
     */
    void setReadOnly(boolean readOnly) throws SQLException;

    /**
     * Retrieves whether this <code>Connection</code> 
     * object is in read-only mode.
     *
     * @return <code>true</code> if this <code>Connection</code> object
     *         is read-only; <code>false</code> otherwise
     * @exception SQLException SQLException if a database access error occurs 
     * or this method is called on a closed connection
     */
    boolean isReadOnly() throws SQLException;

    /**
     * Sets the given catalog name in order to select 	
     * a subspace of this <code>Connection</code> object's database 
     * in which to work.
     * <P>
     * If the driver does not support catalogs, it will
     * silently ignore this request.
     *
     * @param catalog the name of a catalog (subspace in this 
     *        <code>Connection</code> object's database) in which to work
     * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs 
     * or this method is called on a closed connection
     * @see #getCatalog
     */
    void setCatalog(String catalog) throws SQLException;

    /**
     * Retrieves this <code>Connection</code> object's current catalog name.
     *
     * @return the current catalog name or <code>null</code> if there is none
     * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs 
     * or this method is called on a closed connection
     * @see #setCatalog
     */
    String getCatalog() throws SQLException;

    /**
     * A constant indicating that transactions are not supported. 
     */
    int TRANSACTION_NONE	     = 0;

    /**
     * A constant indicating that
     * dirty reads, non-repeatable reads and phantom reads can occur.
     * This level allows a row changed by one transaction to be read
     * by another transaction before any changes in that row have been
     * committed (a "dirty read").  If any of the changes are rolled back, 
     * the second transaction will have retrieved an invalid row.
     */
    int TRANSACTION_READ_UNCOMMITTED = 1;

    /**
     * A constant indicating that
     * dirty reads are prevented; non-repeatable reads and phantom
     * reads can occur.  This level only prohibits a transaction
     * from reading a row with uncommitted changes in it.
     */
    int TRANSACTION_READ_COMMITTED   = 2;

    /**
     * A constant indicating that
     * dirty reads and non-repeatable reads are prevented; phantom
     * reads can occur.  This level prohibits a transaction from
     * reading a row with uncommitted changes in it, and it also
     * prohibits the situation where one transaction reads a row,
     * a second transaction alters the row, and the first transaction
     * rereads the row, getting different values the second time
     * (a "non-repeatable read").
     */
    int TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ  = 4;

    /**
     * A constant indicating that
     * dirty reads, non-repeatable reads and phantom reads are prevented.
     * This level includes the prohibitions in
     * <code>TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ</code> and further prohibits the 
     * situation where one transaction reads all rows that satisfy
     * a <code>WHERE</code> condition, a second transaction inserts a row that
     * satisfies that <code>WHERE</code> condition, and the first transaction
     * rereads for the same condition, retrieving the additional
     * "phantom" row in the second read.
     */
    int TRANSACTION_SERIALIZABLE     = 8;

    /**
     * Attempts to change the transaction isolation level for this
     * <code>Connection</code> object to the one given.
     * The constants defined in the interface <code>Connection</code>
     * are the possible transaction isolation levels.
     * <P>
     * <B>Note:</B> If this method is called during a transaction, the result
     * is implementation-defined.
     *
     * @param level one of the following <code>Connection</code> constants:
     *        <code>Connection.TRANSACTION_READ_UNCOMMITTED</code>,
     *        <code>Connection.TRANSACTION_READ_COMMITTED</code>,
     *        <code>Connection.TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ</code>, or
     *        <code>Connection.TRANSACTION_SERIALIZABLE</code>.
     *        (Note that <code>Connection.TRANSACTION_NONE</code> cannot be used 
     *        because it specifies that transactions are not supported.)
     * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs, this 
     * method is called on a closed connection 
     *            or the given parameter is not one of the <code>Connection</code>
     *            constants
     * @see DatabaseMetaData#supportsTransactionIsolationLevel 
     * @see #getTransactionIsolation
     */
    void setTransactionIsolation(int level) throws SQLException;

    /**
     * Retrieves this <code>Connection</code> object's current 
     * transaction isolation level.
     *
     * @return the current transaction isolation level, which will be one
     *         of the following constants:
     *        <code>Connection.TRANSACTION_READ_UNCOMMITTED</code>, 
     *        <code>Connection.TRANSACTION_READ_COMMITTED</code>,
     *        <code>Connection.TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ</code>, 
     *        <code>Connection.TRANSACTION_SERIALIZABLE</code>, or
     *        <code>Connection.TRANSACTION_NONE</code>.
     * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs 
     * or this method is called on a closed connection
     * @see #setTransactionIsolation
     */
    int getTransactionIsolation() throws SQLException;

    /**
     * Retrieves the first warning reported by calls on this 
     * <code>Connection</code> object.  If there is more than one
     * warning, subsequent warnings will be chained to the first one
     * and can be retrieved by calling the method
     * <code>SQLWarning.getNextWarning</code> on the warning 
     * that was retrieved previously.
     * <P>
     * This method may not be
     * called on a closed connection; doing so will cause an
     * <code>SQLException</code> to be thrown.
     *
     * <P><B>Note:</B> Subsequent warnings will be chained to this
     * SQLWarning.
     *
     * @return the first <code>SQLWarning</code> object or <code>null</code>
     *         if there are none 
     * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs or
     *            this method is called on a closed connection
     * @see SQLWarning
     */
    SQLWarning getWarnings() throws SQLException;

    /**
     * Clears all warnings reported for this <code>Connection</code> object.	
     * After a call to this method, the method <code>getWarnings</code>
     * returns <code>null</code> until a new warning is
     * reported for this <code>Connection</code> object.  
     *
     * @exception SQLException SQLException if a database access error occurs 
     * or this method is called on a closed connection
     */
    void clearWarnings() throws SQLException;


    //--------------------------JDBC 2.0-----------------------------

    /**
     * Creates a <code>Statement</code> object that will generate
     * <code>ResultSet</code> objects with the given type and concurrency.
     * This method is the same as the <code>createStatement</code> method
     * above, but it allows the default result set
     * type and concurrency to be overridden. 
     * The holdability of the created result sets can be determined by 
     * calling {@link #getHoldability}.
     *
     * @param resultSetType a result set type; one of 
     *        <code>ResultSet.TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY</code>,
     *        <code>ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_INSENSITIVE</code>, or
     *        <code>ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE</code>
     * @param resultSetConcurrency a concurrency type; one of
     *        <code>ResultSet.CONCUR_READ_ONLY</code> or
     *        <code>ResultSet.CONCUR_UPDATABLE</code>
     * @return a new <code>Statement</code> object that will generate
     *         <code>ResultSet</code> objects with the given type and
     *         concurrency
     * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs, this 
     * method is called on a closed connection 
     *         or the given parameters are not <code>ResultSet</code> 
     *         constants indicating type and concurrency
     * @exception SQLFeatureNotSupportedException if the JDBC driver does not support
     * this method or this method is not supported for the specified result 
     * set type and result set concurrency.
     * @since 1.2
     */
    Statement createStatement(int resultSetType, int resultSetConcurrency) 
	throws SQLException;

    /**
     *
     * Creates a <code>PreparedStatement</code> object that will generate
     * <code>ResultSet</code> objects with the given type and concurrency.
     * This method is the same as the <code>prepareStatement</code> method
     * above, but it allows the default result set
     * type and concurrency to be overridden. 
     * The holdability of the created result sets can be determined by 
     * calling {@link #getHoldability}.
     *
     * @param sql a <code>String</code> object that is the SQL statement to
     *            be sent to the database; may contain one or more '?' IN
     *            parameters
     * @param resultSetType a result set type; one of 
     *         <code>ResultSet.TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY</code>, 
     *         <code>ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_INSENSITIVE</code>, or
     *         <code>ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE</code>
     * @param resultSetConcurrency a concurrency type; one of
     *         <code>ResultSet.CONCUR_READ_ONLY</code> or
     *         <code>ResultSet.CONCUR_UPDATABLE</code>
     * @return a new PreparedStatement object containing the
     * pre-compiled SQL statement that will produce <code>ResultSet</code>
     * objects with the given type and concurrency
     * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs, this 
     * method is called on a closed connection 
     *         or the given parameters are not <code>ResultSet</code> 
     *         constants indicating type and concurrency
     * @exception SQLFeatureNotSupportedException if the JDBC driver does not support
     * this method or this method is not supported for the specified result 
     * set type and result set concurrency.
     * @since 1.2
     */
    PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql, int resultSetType, 
				       int resultSetConcurrency)
	throws SQLException;

    /**
     * Creates a <code>CallableStatement</code> object that will generate
     * <code>ResultSet</code> objects with the given type and concurrency.
     * This method is the same as the <code>prepareCall</code> method
     * above, but it allows the default result set
     * type and concurrency to be overridden. 
     * The holdability of the created result sets can be determined by 
     * calling {@link #getHoldability}.
     *
     * @param sql a <code>String</code> object that is the SQL statement to
     *            be sent to the database; may contain on or more '?' parameters
     * @param resultSetType a result set type; one of 
     *         <code>ResultSet.TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY</code>, 
     *         <code>ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_INSENSITIVE</code>, or
     *         <code>ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE</code>
     * @param resultSetConcurrency a concurrency type; one of
     *         <code>ResultSet.CONCUR_READ_ONLY</code> or
     *         <code>ResultSet.CONCUR_UPDATABLE</code>
     * @return a new <code>CallableStatement</code> object containing the
     * pre-compiled SQL statement that will produce <code>ResultSet</code>
     * objects with the given type and concurrency
     * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs, this method 
     * is called on a closed connection 
     *         or the given parameters are not <code>ResultSet</code> 
     *         constants indicating type and concurrency
     * @exception SQLFeatureNotSupportedException if the JDBC driver does not support
     * this method or this method is not supported for the specified result 
     * set type and result set concurrency.
     * @since 1.2
     */
    CallableStatement prepareCall(String sql, int resultSetType, 
				  int resultSetConcurrency) throws SQLException;

    /**
     * Retrieves the <code>Map</code> object associated with this 
     * <code>Connection</code> object.
     * Unless the application has added an entry, the type map returned 
     * will be empty.
     *
     * @return the <code>java.util.Map</code> object associated 
     *         with this <code>Connection</code> object
     * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs 
     * or this method is called on a closed connection
     * @exception SQLFeatureNotSupportedException if the JDBC driver does not support
     * this method
     * @since 1.2
     * @see #setTypeMap
     */
    java.util.Map<String,Class<?>> getTypeMap() throws SQLException;

    /**
     * Installs the given <code>TypeMap</code> object as the type map for
     * this <code>Connection</code> object.  The type map will be used for the
     * custom mapping of SQL structured types and distinct types.
     *
     * @param map the <code>java.util.Map</code> object to install
     *        as the replacement for this <code>Connection</code>
     *        object's default type map
     * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs, this 
     * method is called on a closed connection or
     *        the given parameter is not a <code>java.util.Map</code> 
     *        object
     * @exception SQLFeatureNotSupportedException if the JDBC driver does not support
     * this method
     * @since 1.2
     * @see #getTypeMap
     */
    void setTypeMap(java.util.Map<String,Class<?>> map) throws SQLException;

    //--------------------------JDBC 3.0-----------------------------


    /**
     * Changes the default holdability of <code>ResultSet</code> objects
     * created using this <code>Connection</code> object to the given
     * holdability.  The default holdability of <code>ResultSet</code> objects
     * can be be determined by invoking 
     * {@link DatabaseMetaData#getResultSetHoldability}.
     *
     * @param holdability a <code>ResultSet</code> holdability constant; one of
     *        <code>ResultSet.HOLD_CURSORS_OVER_COMMIT</code> or
     *        <code>ResultSet.CLOSE_CURSORS_AT_COMMIT</code>
     * @throws SQLException if a database access occurs, this method is called
     * on a closed connection, or the given parameter
     *         is not a <code>ResultSet</code> constant indicating holdability
     * @exception SQLFeatureNotSupportedException if the given holdability is not supported
     * @see #getHoldability
     * @see DatabaseMetaData#getResultSetHoldability
     * @see ResultSet
     * @since 1.4
     */
    void setHoldability(int holdability) throws SQLException;

    /**
     * Retrieves the current holdability of <code>ResultSet</code> objects
     * created using this <code>Connection</code> object.
     *
     * @return the holdability, one of
     *        <code>ResultSet.HOLD_CURSORS_OVER_COMMIT</code> or
     *        <code>ResultSet.CLOSE_CURSORS_AT_COMMIT</code>
     * @throws SQLException if a database access error occurs 
     * or this method is called on a closed connection
     * @see #setHoldability
     * @see DatabaseMetaData#getResultSetHoldability
     * @see ResultSet
     * @since 1.4
     */
    int getHoldability() throws SQLException;

    /**
     * Creates an unnamed savepoint in the current transaction and 
     * returns the new <code>Savepoint</code> object that represents it.
     *
     *<p> if setSavepoint is invoked outside of an active transaction, a transaction will be started at this newly created 
     *savepoint.
     *
     * @return the new <code>Savepoint</code> object
     * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs,
     * this method is called while participating in a distributed transaction,
     * this method is called on a closed connection 
     *            or this <code>Connection</code> object is currently in
     *            auto-commit mode
     * @exception SQLFeatureNotSupportedException if the JDBC driver does not support
     * this method
     * @see Savepoint
     * @since 1.4
     */
    Savepoint setSavepoint() throws SQLException;

    /**
     * Creates a savepoint with the given name in the current transaction
     * and returns the new <code>Savepoint</code> object that represents it.
     *
     * <p> if setSavepoint is invoked outside of an active transaction, a transaction will be started at this newly created 
     *savepoint.
     *
     * @param name a <code>String</code> containing the name of the savepoint
     * @return the new <code>Savepoint</code> object
     * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs,
          * this method is called while participating in a distributed transaction, 
     * this method is called on a closed connection 
     *            or this <code>Connection</code> object is currently in
     *            auto-commit mode
     * @exception SQLFeatureNotSupportedException if the JDBC driver does not support
     * this method
     * @see Savepoint
     * @since 1.4
     */
    Savepoint setSavepoint(String name) throws SQLException;

    /**
     * Undoes all changes made after the given <code>Savepoint</code> object
     * was set. 
     * <P>
     * This method should be used only when auto-commit has been disabled.
     *
     * @param savepoint the <code>Savepoint</code> object to roll back to
     * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs, 
     * this method is called while participating in a distributed transaction,  
     * this method is called on a closed connection, 
     *            the <code>Savepoint</code> object is no longer valid,
     *            or this <code>Connection</code> object is currently in
     *            auto-commit mode
     * @exception SQLFeatureNotSupportedException if the JDBC driver does not support
     * this method
     * @see Savepoint
     * @see #rollback
     * @since 1.4
     */
    void rollback(Savepoint savepoint) throws SQLException;

    /**
     * Removes the specified <code>Savepoint</code>  and subsequent <code>Savepoint</code> objects from the current 
     * transaction. Any reference to the savepoint after it have been removed 
     * will cause an <code>SQLException</code> to be thrown.
     *
     * @param savepoint the <code>Savepoint</code> object to be removed
     * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs, this 
     *  method is called on a closed connection or
     *            the given <code>Savepoint</code> object is not a valid 
     *            savepoint in the current transaction
     * @exception SQLFeatureNotSupportedException if the JDBC driver does not support
     * this method
     * @since 1.4
     */
    void releaseSavepoint(Savepoint savepoint) throws SQLException;

    /**
     * Creates a <code>Statement</code> object that will generate
     * <code>ResultSet</code> objects with the given type, concurrency,
     * and holdability.
     * This method is the same as the <code>createStatement</code> method
     * above, but it allows the default result set
     * type, concurrency, and holdability to be overridden.
     *
     * @param resultSetType one of the following <code>ResultSet</code> 
     *        constants:
     *         <code>ResultSet.TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY</code>, 
     *         <code>ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_INSENSITIVE</code>, or
     *         <code>ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE</code>
     * @param resultSetConcurrency one of the following <code>ResultSet</code> 
     *        constants:
     *         <code>ResultSet.CONCUR_READ_ONLY</code> or
     *         <code>ResultSet.CONCUR_UPDATABLE</code>
     * @param resultSetHoldability one of the following <code>ResultSet</code> 
     *        constants:
     *         <code>ResultSet.HOLD_CURSORS_OVER_COMMIT</code> or
     *         <code>ResultSet.CLOSE_CURSORS_AT_COMMIT</code>
     * @return a new <code>Statement</code> object that will generate
     *         <code>ResultSet</code> objects with the given type,
     *         concurrency, and holdability
     * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs, this 
     * method is called on a closed connection 
     *            or the given parameters are not <code>ResultSet</code> 
     *            constants indicating type, concurrency, and holdability
     * @exception SQLFeatureNotSupportedException if the JDBC driver does not support
     * this method or this method is not supported for the specified result 
     * set type, result set holdability and result set concurrency.
     * @see ResultSet
     * @since 1.4
     */
    Statement createStatement(int resultSetType, int resultSetConcurrency, 
			      int resultSetHoldability) throws SQLException;

    /**
     * Creates a <code>PreparedStatement</code> object that will generate
     * <code>ResultSet</code> objects with the given type, concurrency,
     * and holdability.
     * <P>
     * This method is the same as the <code>prepareStatement</code> method
     * above, but it allows the default result set
     * type, concurrency, and holdability to be overridden.
     *
     * @param sql a <code>String</code> object that is the SQL statement to
     *            be sent to the database; may contain one or more '?' IN
     *            parameters
     * @param resultSetType one of the following <code>ResultSet</code> 
     *        constants:
     *         <code>ResultSet.TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY</code>, 
     *         <code>ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_INSENSITIVE</code>, or
     *         <code>ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE</code>
     * @param resultSetConcurrency one of the following <code>ResultSet</code> 
     *        constants:
     *         <code>ResultSet.CONCUR_READ_ONLY</code> or
     *         <code>ResultSet.CONCUR_UPDATABLE</code>
     * @param resultSetHoldability one of the following <code>ResultSet</code> 
     *        constants:
     *         <code>ResultSet.HOLD_CURSORS_OVER_COMMIT</code> or
     *         <code>ResultSet.CLOSE_CURSORS_AT_COMMIT</code>
     * @return a new <code>PreparedStatement</code> object, containing the
     *         pre-compiled SQL statement, that will generate
     *         <code>ResultSet</code> objects with the given type,
     *         concurrency, and holdability
     * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs, this 
     * method is called on a closed connection 
     *            or the given parameters are not <code>ResultSet</code> 
     *            constants indicating type, concurrency, and holdability
      * @exception SQLFeatureNotSupportedException if the JDBC driver does not support
     * this method or this method is not supported for the specified result 
     * set type, result set holdability and result set concurrency.
     * @see ResultSet
     * @since 1.4
     */
    PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql, int resultSetType, 
				       int resultSetConcurrency, int resultSetHoldability)
	throws SQLException;

    /**
     * Creates a <code>CallableStatement</code> object that will generate
     * <code>ResultSet</code> objects with the given type and concurrency.
     * This method is the same as the <code>prepareCall</code> method
     * above, but it allows the default result set
     * type, result set concurrency type and holdability to be overridden.
     *
     * @param sql a <code>String</code> object that is the SQL statement to
     *            be sent to the database; may contain on or more '?' parameters
     * @param resultSetType one of the following <code>ResultSet</code> 
     *        constants:
     *         <code>ResultSet.TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY</code>, 
     *         <code>ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_INSENSITIVE</code>, or
     *         <code>ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE</code>
     * @param resultSetConcurrency one of the following <code>ResultSet</code> 
     *        constants:
     *         <code>ResultSet.CONCUR_READ_ONLY</code> or
     *         <code>ResultSet.CONCUR_UPDATABLE</code>
     * @param resultSetHoldability one of the following <code>ResultSet</code> 
     *        constants:
     *         <code>ResultSet.HOLD_CURSORS_OVER_COMMIT</code> or
     *         <code>ResultSet.CLOSE_CURSORS_AT_COMMIT</code>
     * @return a new <code>CallableStatement</code> object, containing the
     *         pre-compiled SQL statement, that will generate
     *         <code>ResultSet</code> objects with the given type,
     *         concurrency, and holdability
     * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs, this 
     * method is called on a closed connection 
     *            or the given parameters are not <code>ResultSet</code> 
     *            constants indicating type, concurrency, and holdability
      * @exception SQLFeatureNotSupportedException if the JDBC driver does not support
     * this method or this method is not supported for the specified result 
     * set type, result set holdability and result set concurrency.
     * @see ResultSet
     * @since 1.4
     */
    CallableStatement prepareCall(String sql, int resultSetType, 
				  int resultSetConcurrency, 
				  int resultSetHoldability) throws SQLException;


    /**
     * Creates a default <code>PreparedStatement</code> object that has
     * the capability to retrieve auto-generated keys. The given constant
     * tells the driver whether it should make auto-generated keys
     * available for retrieval.  This parameter is ignored if the SQL statement
     * is not an <code>INSERT</code> statement, or an SQL statement able to return
     * auto-generated keys (the list of such statements is vendor-specific).
     * <P>
     * <B>Note:</B> This method is optimized for handling
     * parametric SQL statements that benefit from precompilation. If
     * the driver supports precompilation,
     * the method <code>prepareStatement</code> will send
     * the statement to the database for precompilation. Some drivers
     * may not support precompilation. In this case, the statement may
     * not be sent to the database until the <code>PreparedStatement</code> 
     * object is executed.  This has no direct effect on users; however, it does
     * affect which methods throw certain SQLExceptions.
     * <P>
     * Result sets created using the returned <code>PreparedStatement</code>
     * object will by default be type <code>TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY</code>
     * and have a concurrency level of <code>CONCUR_READ_ONLY</code>. 
     * The holdability of the created result sets can be determined by 
     * calling {@link #getHoldability}.
     *
     * @param sql an SQL statement that may contain one or more '?' IN
     *        parameter placeholders
     * @param autoGeneratedKeys a flag indicating whether auto-generated keys 
     *        should be returned; one of
     *        <code>Statement.RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS</code> or
     *	      <code>Statement.NO_GENERATED_KEYS</code>  
     * @return a new <code>PreparedStatement</code> object, containing the
     *         pre-compiled SQL statement, that will have the capability of
     *         returning auto-generated keys
     * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs, this
     *  method is called on a closed connection 
     *         or the given parameter is not a <code>Statement</code>
     *         constant indicating whether auto-generated keys should be
     *         returned
     * @exception SQLFeatureNotSupportedException if the JDBC driver does not support
     * this method with a constant of Statement.RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS
     * @since 1.4
     */
    PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql, int autoGeneratedKeys)
	throws SQLException;

    /**
     * Creates a default <code>PreparedStatement</code> object capable
     * of returning the auto-generated keys designated by the given array.
     * This array contains the indexes of the columns in the target
     * table that contain the auto-generated keys that should be made
     * available.  The driver will ignore the array if the SQL statement
     * is not an <code>INSERT</code> statement, or an SQL statement able to return
     * auto-generated keys (the list of such statements is vendor-specific).
     *<p>
     * An SQL statement with or without IN parameters can be
     * pre-compiled and stored in a <code>PreparedStatement</code> object. This
     * object can then be used to efficiently execute this statement
     * multiple times.
     * <P>
     * <B>Note:</B> This method is optimized for handling
     * parametric SQL statements that benefit from precompilation. If
     * the driver supports precompilation,
     * the method <code>prepareStatement</code> will send
     * the statement to the database for precompilation. Some drivers
     * may not support precompilation. In this case, the statement may
     * not be sent to the database until the <code>PreparedStatement</code> 
     * object is executed.  This has no direct effect on users; however, it does
     * affect which methods throw certain SQLExceptions.
     * <P>
     * Result sets created using the returned <code>PreparedStatement</code>
     * object will by default be type <code>TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY</code>
     * and have a concurrency level of <code>CONCUR_READ_ONLY</code>. 
     * The holdability of the created result sets can be determined by 
     * calling {@link #getHoldability}.
     *
     * @param sql an SQL statement that may contain one or more '?' IN
     *        parameter placeholders
     * @param columnIndexes an array of column indexes indicating the columns
     *        that should be returned from the inserted row or rows 
     * @return a new <code>PreparedStatement</code> object, containing the
     *         pre-compiled statement, that is capable of returning the
     *         auto-generated keys designated by the given array of column
     *         indexes
     * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs 
     * or this method is called on a closed connection
     * @exception SQLFeatureNotSupportedException if the JDBC driver does not support
     * this method
     *
     * @since 1.4
     */
    PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql, int columnIndexes[])
	throws SQLException;

    /**
     * Creates a default <code>PreparedStatement</code> object capable
     * of returning the auto-generated keys designated by the given array.
     * This array contains the names of the columns in the target
     * table that contain the auto-generated keys that should be returned.
     * The driver will ignore the array if the SQL statement
     * is not an <code>INSERT</code> statement, or an SQL statement able to return
     * auto-generated keys (the list of such statements is vendor-specific).
     * <P>
     * An SQL statement with or without IN parameters can be
     * pre-compiled and stored in a <code>PreparedStatement</code> object. This
     * object can then be used to efficiently execute this statement
     * multiple times.
     * <P>
     * <B>Note:</B> This method is optimized for handling
     * parametric SQL statements that benefit from precompilation. If
     * the driver supports precompilation,
     * the method <code>prepareStatement</code> will send
     * the statement to the database for precompilation. Some drivers
     * may not support precompilation. In this case, the statement may
     * not be sent to the database until the <code>PreparedStatement</code> 
     * object is executed.  This has no direct effect on users; however, it does
     * affect which methods throw certain SQLExceptions.
     * <P>
     * Result sets created using the returned <code>PreparedStatement</code>
     * object will by default be type <code>TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY</code>
     * and have a concurrency level of <code>CONCUR_READ_ONLY</code>. 
     * The holdability of the created result sets can be determined by 
     * calling {@link #getHoldability}.
     *
     * @param sql an SQL statement that may contain one or more '?' IN
     *        parameter placeholders
     * @param columnNames an array of column names indicating the columns
     *        that should be returned from the inserted row or rows 
     * @return a new <code>PreparedStatement</code> object, containing the
     *         pre-compiled statement, that is capable of returning the
     *         auto-generated keys designated by the given array of column
     *         names
     * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs 
     * or this method is called on a closed connection
     * @exception SQLFeatureNotSupportedException if the JDBC driver does not support
     * this method
     *
     * @since 1.4
     */
    PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql, String columnNames[])
	throws SQLException;

    /**
     * Constructs an object that implements the <code>Clob</code> interface. The object
     * returned initially contains no data.  The <code>setAsciiStream</code>,
     * <code>setCharacterStream</code> and <code>setString</code> methods of 
     * the <code>Clob</code> interface may be used to add data to the <code>Clob</code>.
     * @return An object that implements the <code>Clob</code> interface
     * @throws SQLException if an object that implements the
     * <code>Clob</code> interface can not be constructed, this method is 
     * called on a closed connection or a database access error occurs.
     * @exception SQLFeatureNotSupportedException if the JDBC driver does not support
     * this data type
     *
     * @since 1.6
     */
    Clob createClob() throws SQLException;

    /**
     * Constructs an object that implements the <code>Blob</code> interface. The object
     * returned initially contains no data.  The <code>setBinaryStream</code> and
     * <code>setBytes</code> methods of the <code>Blob</code> interface may be used to add data to
     * the <code>Blob</code>.
     * @return  An object that implements the <code>Blob</code> interface
     * @throws SQLException if an object that implements the
     * <code>Blob</code> interface can not be constructed, this method is 
     * called on a closed connection or a database access error occurs.
     * @exception SQLFeatureNotSupportedException if the JDBC driver does not support
     * this data type
     *
     * @since 1.6
     */
    Blob createBlob() throws SQLException;
    
    /**
     * Constructs an object that implements the <code>NClob</code> interface. The object
     * returned initially contains no data.  The <code>setAsciiStream</code>,
     * <code>setCharacterStream</code> and <code>setString</code> methods of the <code>NClob</code> interface may
     * be used to add data to the <code>NClob</code>.
     * @return An object that implements the <code>NClob</code> interface
     * @throws SQLException if an object that implements the
     * <code>NClob</code> interface can not be constructed, this method is 
     * called on a closed connection or a database access error occurs.
     * @exception SQLFeatureNotSupportedException if the JDBC driver does not support
     * this data type
     *
     * @since 1.6
     */
    NClob createNClob() throws SQLException;

    /**
     * Constructs an object that implements the <code>SQLXML</code> interface. The object
     * returned initially contains no data. The <code>createXmlStreamWriter</code> object and
     * <code>setString</code> method of the <code>SQLXML</code> interface may be used to add data to the <code>SQLXML</code>
     * object.
     * @return An object that implements the <code>SQLXML</code> interface
     * @throws SQLException if an object that implements the <code>SQLXML</code> interface can not
     * be constructed, this method is 
     * called on a closed connection or a database access error occurs.
     * @exception SQLFeatureNotSupportedException if the JDBC driver does not support
     * this data type
     * @since 1.6
     */
    SQLXML createSQLXML() throws SQLException;

	/**
	 * Returns true if the connection has not been closed and is still valid.  
	 * The driver shall submit a query on the connection or use some other 
	 * mechanism that positively verifies the connection is still valid when 
	 * this method is called.
	 * <p>
	 * The query submitted by the driver to validate the connection shall be 
	 * executed in the context of the current transaction.
	 * 
	 * @param timeout -		The time in seconds to wait for the database operation 
	 * 						used to validate the connection to complete.  If 
	 * 						the timeout period expires before the operation 
	 * 						completes, this method returns false.  A value of 
	 * 						0 indicates a timeout is not applied to the 
	 * 						database operation.
	 * <p>
	 * @return true if the connection is valid, false otherwise
         * @exception SQLException if the value supplied for <code>timeout</code> 
         * is less then 0
         * @since 1.6
	 * <p>
	 * @see java.sql.DatabaseMetaData#getClientInfoProperties
	 */
	 boolean isValid(int timeout) throws SQLException;

	/**
	 * Sets the value of the client info property specified by name to the 
	 * value specified by value.  
	 * <p>
	 * Applications may use the <code>DatabaseMetaData.getClientInfoProperties</code> 
	 * method to determine the client info properties supported by the driver 
	 * and the maximum length that may be specified for each property.
	 * <p>
	 * The driver stores the value specified in a suitable location in the 
	 * database.  For example in a special register, session parameter, or 
	 * system table column.  For efficiency the driver may defer setting the 
	 * value in the database until the next time a statement is executed or 
	 * prepared.  Other than storing the client information in the appropriate 
	 * place in the database, these methods shall not alter the behavior of 
	 * the connection in anyway.  The values supplied to these methods are 
	 * used for accounting, diagnostics and debugging purposes only.
	 * <p>
	 * The driver shall generate a warning if the client info name specified 
	 * is not recognized by the driver.
	 * <p>
	 * If the value specified to this method is greater than the maximum 
	 * length for the property the driver may either truncate the value and 
	 * generate a warning or generate a <code>SQLClientInfoException</code>.  If the driver 
	 * generates a <code>SQLClientInfoException</code>, the value specified was not set on the 
	 * connection.
	 * <p>
	 * The following are standard client info properties.  Drivers are not 
	 * required to support these properties however if the driver supports a 
	 * client info property that can be described by one of the standard 
	 * properties, the standard property name should be used.
	 * <p>
	 * <ul>
	 * <li>ApplicationName	-	The name of the application currently utilizing 
	 * 							the connection</li>
	 * <li>ClientUser		-	The name of the user that the application using 
	 * 							the connection is performing work for.  This may 
	 * 							not be the same as the user name that was used 
	 * 							in establishing the connection.</li>
	 * <li>ClientHostname	-	The hostname of the computer the application 
	 * 							using the connection is running on.</li>
	 * </ul>
	 * <p>
	 * @param name		The name of the client info property to set 
	 * @param value		The value to set the client info property to.  If the 
	 * 					value is null, the current value of the specified
	 * 					property is cleared.
	 * <p>
	 * @throws	SQLClientInfoException if the database server returns an error while 
	 * 			setting the client info value on the database server or this method 
         * is called on a closed connection
	 * <p>
	 * @since 1.6	
	 */
	 void setClientInfo(String name, String value)
		throws SQLClientInfoException;
	
	/**
     * Sets the value of the connection's client info properties.  The 
     * <code>Properties</code> object contains the names and values of the client info 
     * properties to be set.  The set of client info properties contained in 
     * the properties list replaces the current set of client info properties 
     * on the connection.  If a property that is currently set on the 
     * connection is not present in the properties list, that property is 
     * cleared.  Specifying an empty properties list will clear all of the 
     * properties on the connection.  See <code>setClientInfo (String, String)</code> for 
     * more information.
     * <p>  
     * If an error occurs in setting any of the client info properties, a 
     * <code>SQLClientInfoException</code> is thrown. The <code>SQLClientInfoException</code>
     * contains information indicating which client info properties were not set. 
     * The state of the client information is unknown because 
     * some databases do not allow multiple client info properties to be set 
     * atomically.  For those databases, one or more properties may have been 
     * set before the error occurred.
     * <p>
     * 
     * @param properties		the list of client info properties to set
     * <p>
     * @see java.sql.Connection#setClientInfo(String, String) setClientInfo(String, String)
     * @since 1.6
     * <p>
     * @throws SQLClientInfoException if the database server returns an error while 
     * 			setting the clientInfo values on the database server or this method 
     * is called on a closed connection 
     * <p>
     */
	 void setClientInfo(Properties properties)
		throws SQLClientInfoException;
	
	/**
	 * Returns the value of the client info property specified by name.  This 
	 * method may return null if the specified client info property has not 
	 * been set and does not have a default value.  This method will also 
	 * return null if the specified client info property name is not supported 
	 * by the driver.
	 * <p>
	 * Applications may use the <code>DatabaseMetaData.getClientInfoProperties</code>
	 * method to determine the client info properties supported by the driver.
	 * <p>
	 * @param name		The name of the client info property to retrieve
	 * <p>
	 * @return 			The value of the client info property specified
	 * <p>
	 * @throws SQLException		if the database server returns an error when 
	 * 							fetching the client info value from the database 
         *or this method is called on a closed connection
	 * <p>
	 * @since 1.6
	 * <p>
	 * @see java.sql.DatabaseMetaData#getClientInfoProperties
	 */
	 String getClientInfo(String name)
		throws SQLException;
	
	/**
	 * Returns a list containing the name and current value of each client info 
	 * property supported by the driver.  The value of a client info property 
	 * may be null if the property has not been set and does not have a 
	 * default value.
	 * <p>
	 * @return	A <code>Properties</code> object that contains the name and current value of 
	 * 			each of the client info properties supported by the driver.  
	 * <p>
	 * @throws 	SQLException if the database server returns an error when 
	 * 			fetching the client info values from the database
         * or this method is called on a closed connection
	 * <p>
	 * @since 1.6
	 */
	 Properties getClientInfo()
		throws SQLException;      

/**
  * Factory method for creating Array objects.
  *<p>
  * <b>Note: </b>When <code>createArrayOf</code> is used to create an array object 
  * that maps to a primitive data type, then it is implementation-defined 
  * whether the <code>Array</code> object is an array of that primitive 
  * data type or an array of <code>Object</code>.
  * <p>
  * <b>Note: </b>The JDBC driver is responsible for mapping the elements 
  * <code>Object</code> array to the default JDBC SQL type defined in 
  * java.sql.Types for the given class of <code>Object</code>. The default 
  * mapping is specified in Appendix B of the JDBC specification.  If the
  * resulting JDBC type is not the appropriate type for the given typeName then 
  * it is implementation defined whether an <code>SQLException</code> is 
  * thrown or the driver supports the resulting conversion.
  *
  * @param typeName the SQL name of the type the elements of the array map to. The typeName is a
  * database-specific name which may be the name of a built-in type, a user-defined type or a standard  SQL type supported by this database. This
  *  is the value returned by <code>Array.getBaseTypeName</code>
  * @param elements the elements that populate the returned object
  * @return an Array object whose elements map to the specified SQL type
  * @throws SQLException if a database error occurs, the JDBC type is not
  *  appropriate for the typeName and the conversion is not supported, the typeName is null or this method is called on a closed connection
  * @throws SQLFeatureNotSupportedException  if the JDBC driver does not support this data type
  * @since 1.6
  */
 Array createArrayOf(String typeName, Object[] elements) throws
SQLException;

/**
  * Factory method for creating Struct objects.
  *
  * @param typeName the SQL type name of the SQL structured type that this <code>Struct</code> 
  * object maps to. The typeName is the name of  a user-defined type that
  * has been defined for this database. It is the value returned by
  * <code>Struct.getSQLTypeName</code>.
 
  * @param attributes the attributes that populate the returned object
  *  @return a Struct object that maps to the given SQL type and is populated with the given attributes
  * @throws SQLException if a database error occurs, the typeName is null or this method is called on a closed connection
  * @throws SQLFeatureNotSupportedException  if the JDBC driver does not support this data type
  * @since 1.6
  */
 Struct createStruct(String typeName, Object[] attributes)
throws SQLException;
}