/*
 * @(#)GraphicsConfiguration.java	1.41 06/01/03
 *
 * Copyright 2006 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
 * SUN PROPRIETARY/CONFIDENTIAL. Use is subject to license terms.
 */

package java.awt;

import java.awt.geom.AffineTransform;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.awt.image.ColorModel;
import java.awt.image.VolatileImage;
import java.awt.image.WritableRaster;

import sun.awt.image.SunVolatileImage;

/**
 * The <code>GraphicsConfiguration</code> class describes the
 * characteristics of a graphics destination such as a printer or monitor.
 * There can be many <code>GraphicsConfiguration</code> objects associated
 * with a single graphics device, representing different drawing modes or
 * capabilities.  The corresponding native structure will vary from platform
 * to platform.  For example, on X11 windowing systems,
 * each visual is a different <code>GraphicsConfiguration</code>.  
 * On Microsoft Windows, <code>GraphicsConfiguration</code>s represent 
 * PixelFormats available in the current resolution and color depth.
 * <p>
 * In a virtual device multi-screen environment in which the desktop
 * area could span multiple physical screen devices, the bounds of the 
 * <code>GraphicsConfiguration</code> objects are relative to the
 * virtual coordinate system.  When setting the location of a 
 * component, use {@link #getBounds() getBounds} to get the bounds of 
 * the desired <code>GraphicsConfiguration</code> and offset the location
 * with the coordinates of the <code>GraphicsConfiguration</code>,
 * as the following code sample illustrates:
 * </p>
 *
 * <pre>
 *      Frame f = new Frame(gc);  // where gc is a GraphicsConfiguration
 *      Rectangle bounds = gc.getBounds();
 *      f.setLocation(10 + bounds.x, 10 + bounds.y); </pre>
 *
 * <p>
 * To determine if your environment is a virtual device
 * environment, call <code>getBounds</code> on all of the 
 * <code>GraphicsConfiguration</code> objects in your system.  If 
 * any of the origins of the returned bounds is not (0,&nbsp;0),
 * your environment is a virtual device environment.
 *
 * <p>
 * You can also use <code>getBounds</code> to determine the bounds
 * of the virtual device.  To do this, first call <code>getBounds</code> on all
 * of the <code>GraphicsConfiguration</code> objects in your
 * system.  Then calculate the union of all of the bounds returned
 * from the calls to <code>getBounds</code>.  The union is the
 * bounds of the virtual device.  The following code sample
 * calculates the bounds of the virtual device.
 *
 * <pre>
 *      Rectangle virtualBounds = new Rectangle();
 *      GraphicsEnvironment ge = GraphicsEnvironment.
 *              getLocalGraphicsEnvironment();
 *      GraphicsDevice[] gs =
 *              ge.getScreenDevices();
 *      for (int j = 0; j < gs.length; j++) { 
 *          GraphicsDevice gd = gs[j];
 *          GraphicsConfiguration[] gc =
 *              gd.getConfigurations();
 *          for (int i=0; i < gc.length; i++) {
 *              virtualBounds =
 *                  virtualBounds.union(gc[i].getBounds());
 *          }
 *      } </pre>                   
 *
 * @see Window
 * @see Frame
 * @see GraphicsEnvironment
 * @see GraphicsDevice
 */
/*
 * REMIND:  What to do about capabilities?
 * The
 * capabilities of the device can be determined by enumerating the possible
 * capabilities and checking if the GraphicsConfiguration
 * implements the interface for that capability.
 *
 * @version 1.41, 01/03/06
 */


public abstract class GraphicsConfiguration {

    private static BufferCapabilities defaultBufferCaps;
    private static ImageCapabilities defaultImageCaps;
    
    /**
     * This is an abstract class that cannot be instantiated directly.
     * Instances must be obtained from a suitable factory or query method.
     *
     * @see GraphicsDevice#getConfigurations
     * @see GraphicsDevice#getDefaultConfiguration
     * @see GraphicsDevice#getBestConfiguration
     * @see Graphics2D#getDeviceConfiguration
     */
    protected GraphicsConfiguration() {
    }

    /**
     * Returns the {@link GraphicsDevice} associated with this
     * <code>GraphicsConfiguration</code>.
     * @return a <code>GraphicsDevice</code> object that is 
     * associated with this <code>GraphicsConfiguration</code>.
     */
    public abstract GraphicsDevice getDevice();

    /**
     * Returns a {@link BufferedImage} with a data layout and color model
     * compatible with this <code>GraphicsConfiguration</code>.  This
     * method has nothing to do with memory-mapping
     * a device.  The returned <code>BufferedImage</code> has
     * a layout and color model that is closest to this native device
     * configuration and can therefore be optimally blitted to this
     * device.
     * @param width the width of the returned <code>BufferedImage</code>
     * @param height the height of the returned <code>BufferedImage</code>
     * @return a <code>BufferedImage</code> whose data layout and color
     * model is compatible with this <code>GraphicsConfiguration</code>.
     */
    public abstract BufferedImage createCompatibleImage(int width, int height);

    /**
     * Returns a <code>BufferedImage</code> that supports the specified
     * transparency and has a data layout and color model
     * compatible with this <code>GraphicsConfiguration</code>.  This
     * method has nothing to do with memory-mapping
     * a device. The returned <code>BufferedImage</code> has a layout and
     * color model that can be optimally blitted to a device
     * with this <code>GraphicsConfiguration</code>.
     * @param width the width of the returned <code>BufferedImage</code>
     * @param height the height of the returned <code>BufferedImage</code>
     * @param transparency the specified transparency mode
     * @return a <code>BufferedImage</code> whose data layout and color  
     * model is compatible with this <code>GraphicsConfiguration</code>
     * and also supports the specified transparency.
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the transparency is not a valid value
     * @see Transparency#OPAQUE
     * @see Transparency#BITMASK
     * @see Transparency#TRANSLUCENT
     */
    public BufferedImage createCompatibleImage(int width, int height,
                                               int transparency) 
    {
        if (getColorModel().getTransparency() == transparency) {
            return createCompatibleImage(width, height);
        }
        
        ColorModel cm = getColorModel(transparency);
        if (cm == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown transparency: " +
                                               transparency);
        }
        WritableRaster wr = cm.createCompatibleWritableRaster(width, height);
        return new BufferedImage(cm, wr, cm.isAlphaPremultiplied(), null);
    }
                                                        

    /**
     * Returns a {@link VolatileImage} with a data layout and color model
     * compatible with this <code>GraphicsConfiguration</code>.  
     * The returned <code>VolatileImage</code> 
     * may have data that is stored optimally for the underlying graphics 
     * device and may therefore benefit from platform-specific rendering 
     * acceleration.
     * @param width the width of the returned <code>VolatileImage</code>
     * @param height the height of the returned <code>VolatileImage</code>
     * @return a <code>VolatileImage</code> whose data layout and color
     * model is compatible with this <code>GraphicsConfiguration</code>.
     * @see Component#createVolatileImage(int, int)
     * @since 1.4
     */
    public VolatileImage createCompatibleVolatileImage(int width, int height) {
        VolatileImage vi = null;
        try {
            vi = createCompatibleVolatileImage(width, height, 
                                               null, Transparency.OPAQUE);
        } catch (AWTException e) {
            // shouldn't happen: we're passing in null caps
            assert false;
        }
        return vi;
    }

    /**
     * Returns a {@link VolatileImage} with a data layout and color model
     * compatible with this <code>GraphicsConfiguration</code>.  
     * The returned <code>VolatileImage</code>
     * may have data that is stored optimally for the underlying graphics
     * device and may therefore benefit from platform-specific rendering
     * acceleration.
     * @param width the width of the returned <code>VolatileImage</code>
     * @param height the height of the returned <code>VolatileImage</code>
     * @param transparency the specified transparency mode
     * @return a <code>VolatileImage</code> whose data layout and color
     * model is compatible with this <code>GraphicsConfiguration</code>.
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the transparency is not a valid value
     * @see Transparency#OPAQUE
     * @see Transparency#BITMASK
     * @see Transparency#TRANSLUCENT
     * @see Component#createVolatileImage(int, int)
     * @since 1.5
     */
    public VolatileImage createCompatibleVolatileImage(int width, int height, 
                                                       int transparency) 
    {
        VolatileImage vi = null;
        try {
            vi = createCompatibleVolatileImage(width, height, null, transparency);
        } catch (AWTException e) {
            // shouldn't happen: we're passing in null caps
            assert false;
        }
        return vi;
    }

    /** 
     * Returns a {@link VolatileImage} with a data layout and color model 
     * compatible with this <code>GraphicsConfiguration</code>, using 
     * the specified image capabilities. 
     * If the <code>caps</code> parameter is null, it is effectively ignored
     * and this method will create a VolatileImage without regard to 
     * <code>ImageCapabilities</code> constraints.
     *
     * The returned <code>VolatileImage</code> has 
     * a layout and color model that is closest to this native device 
     * configuration and can therefore be optimally blitted to this 
     * device. 
     * @return a <code>VolatileImage</code> whose data layout and color 
     * model is compatible with this <code>GraphicsConfiguration</code>. 
     * @param width the width of the returned <code>VolatileImage</code> 
     * @param height the height of the returned <code>VolatileImage</code> 
     * @param caps the image capabilities 
     * @exception AWTException if the supplied image capabilities could not 
     * be met by this graphics configuration 
     * @since 1.4 
     */
    public VolatileImage createCompatibleVolatileImage(int width, int height,
        ImageCapabilities caps) throws AWTException 
    {
        return createCompatibleVolatileImage(width, height, caps, 
                                             Transparency.OPAQUE);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a {@link VolatileImage} with a data layout and color model
     * compatible with this <code>GraphicsConfiguration</code>, using
     * the specified image capabilities and transparency value.
     * If the <code>caps</code> parameter is null, it is effectively ignored
     * and this method will create a VolatileImage without regard to 
     * <code>ImageCapabilities</code> constraints.
     *
     * The returned <code>VolatileImage</code> has
     * a layout and color model that is closest to this native device
     * configuration and can therefore be optimally blitted to this
     * device.
     * @param width the width of the returned <code>VolatileImage</code>
     * @param height the height of the returned <code>VolatileImage</code>
     * @param caps the image capabilities
     * @param transparency the specified transparency mode
     * @return a <code>VolatileImage</code> whose data layout and color
     * model is compatible with this <code>GraphicsConfiguration</code>.
     * @see Transparency#OPAQUE
     * @see Transparency#BITMASK
     * @see Transparency#TRANSLUCENT
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the transparency is not a valid value
     * @exception AWTException if the supplied image capabilities could not
     * be met by this graphics configuration
     * @see Component#createVolatileImage(int, int)
     * @since 1.5
     */
    public VolatileImage createCompatibleVolatileImage(int width, int height,
	ImageCapabilities caps, int transparency) throws AWTException
    {
        VolatileImage vi = 
            new SunVolatileImage(this, width, height, transparency, caps);
        if (caps != null && caps.isAccelerated() &&
            !vi.getCapabilities().isAccelerated()) 
        {
            throw new AWTException("Supplied image capabilities could not " +
                                   "be met by this graphics configuration.");
        }
        return vi;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the {@link ColorModel} associated with this 
     * <code>GraphicsConfiguration</code>.
     * @return a <code>ColorModel</code> object that is associated with
     * this <code>GraphicsConfiguration</code>.
     */
    public abstract ColorModel getColorModel();

    /**
     * Returns the <code>ColorModel</code> associated with this
     * <code>GraphicsConfiguration</code> that supports the specified
     * transparency.
     * @param transparency the specified transparency mode
     * @return a <code>ColorModel</code> object that is associated with
     * this <code>GraphicsConfiguration</code> and supports the 
     * specified transparency or null if the transparency is not a valid
     * value.
     * @see Transparency#OPAQUE
     * @see Transparency#BITMASK
     * @see Transparency#TRANSLUCENT
     */
    public abstract ColorModel getColorModel(int transparency);

    /**
     * Returns the default {@link AffineTransform} for this 
     * <code>GraphicsConfiguration</code>. This
     * <code>AffineTransform</code> is typically the Identity transform
     * for most normal screens.  The default <code>AffineTransform</code>
     * maps coordinates onto the device such that 72 user space
     * coordinate units measure approximately 1 inch in device
     * space.  The normalizing transform can be used to make
     * this mapping more exact.  Coordinates in the coordinate space
     * defined by the default <code>AffineTransform</code> for screen and
     * printer devices have the origin in the upper left-hand corner of
     * the target region of the device, with X coordinates
     * increasing to the right and Y coordinates increasing downwards.
     * For image buffers not associated with a device, such as those not
     * created by <code>createCompatibleImage</code>,
     * this <code>AffineTransform</code> is the Identity transform.
     * @return the default <code>AffineTransform</code> for this
     * <code>GraphicsConfiguration</code>.
     */
    public abstract AffineTransform getDefaultTransform();

    /**
     *
     * Returns a <code>AffineTransform</code> that can be concatenated
     * with the default <code>AffineTransform</code>
     * of a <code>GraphicsConfiguration</code> so that 72 units in user
     * space equals 1 inch in device space.  
     * <p>
     * For a particular {@link Graphics2D}, g, one
     * can reset the transformation to create
     * such a mapping by using the following pseudocode:
     * <pre>
     *      GraphicsConfiguration gc = g.getDeviceConfiguration();
     *
     *      g.setTransform(gc.getDefaultTransform());
     *      g.transform(gc.getNormalizingTransform());
     * </pre>
     * Note that sometimes this <code>AffineTransform</code> is identity,
     * such as for printers or metafile output, and that this 
     * <code>AffineTransform</code> is only as accurate as the information
     * supplied by the underlying system.  For image buffers not
     * associated with a device, such as those not created by
     * <code>createCompatibleImage</code>, this
     * <code>AffineTransform</code> is the Identity transform
     * since there is no valid distance measurement.
     * @return an <code>AffineTransform</code> to concatenate to the
     * default <code>AffineTransform</code> so that 72 units in user
     * space is mapped to 1 inch in device space.
     */
    public abstract AffineTransform getNormalizingTransform();

    /**
     * Returns the bounds of the <code>GraphicsConfiguration</code>
     * in the device coordinates. In a multi-screen environment
     * with a virtual device, the bounds can have negative X
     * or Y origins.
     * @return the bounds of the area covered by this
     * <code>GraphicsConfiguration</code>.
     * @since 1.3
     */
    public abstract Rectangle getBounds();
    
    private static class DefaultBufferCapabilities extends BufferCapabilities {
        public DefaultBufferCapabilities(ImageCapabilities imageCaps) {
            super(imageCaps, imageCaps, null);
        }
    }
    
    /**
     * Returns the buffering capabilities of this
     * <code>GraphicsConfiguration</code>.
     * @return the buffering capabilities of this graphics
     * configuration object
     * @since 1.4
     */
    public BufferCapabilities getBufferCapabilities() {
        if (defaultBufferCaps == null) {
            defaultBufferCaps = new DefaultBufferCapabilities(
                getImageCapabilities());
        }
        return defaultBufferCaps;
    }
    
    /**
     * Returns the image capabilities of this
     * <code>GraphicsConfiguration</code>.
     * @return the image capabilities of this graphics
     * configuration object
     * @since 1.4
     */
    public ImageCapabilities getImageCapabilities() {
        if (defaultImageCaps == null) {
            defaultImageCaps = new ImageCapabilities(false);
        }
        return defaultImageCaps;
    }
    }