The
FontMetrics
class defines a font metrics object, which
encapsulates information about the rendering of a particular font on a
particular screen.
Note to subclassers: Since many of these methods form closed,
mutually recursive loops, you must take care that you implement
at least one of the methods in each such loop to prevent
infinite recursion when your subclass is used.
In particular, the following is the minimal suggested set of methods
to override in order to ensure correctness and prevent infinite
recursion (though other subsets are equally feasible):
Note that the implementations of these methods are
inefficient, so they are usually overridden with more efficient
toolkit-specific implementations.
When an application asks to place a character at the position
(x, y), the character is placed so that its
reference point (shown as the dot in the accompanying image) is
put at that position. The reference point specifies a horizontal
line called the baseline of the character. In normal
printing, the baselines of characters should align.
In addition, every character in a font has an ascent, a
descent, and an advance width. The ascent is the
amount by which the character ascends above the baseline. The
descent is the amount by which the character descends below the
baseline. The advance width indicates the position at which AWT
should place the next character.
An array of characters or a string can also have an ascent, a
descent, and an advance width. The ascent of the array is the
maximum ascent of any character in the array. The descent is the
maximum descent of any character in the array. The advance width
is the sum of the advance widths of each of the characters in the
character array. The advance of a String
is the
distance along the baseline of the String
. This
distance is the width that should be used for centering or
right-aligning the String
.
Note that the advance of a String
is not necessarily
the sum of the advances of its characters measured in isolation
because the width of a character can vary depending on its context.
For example, in Arabic text, the shape of a character can change
in order to connect to other characters. Also, in some scripts,
certain character sequences can be represented by a single shape,
called a ligature. Measuring characters individually does
not account for these transformations.
Font metrics are baseline-relative, meaning that they are
generally independent of the rotation applied to the font (modulo
possible grid hinting effects). See Font
.